The United States withdrew from the INF Treaty, motivating this step by the need to respond to the deployment of missiles of this class by the Chinese, forcing the American fleet to retreat behind the so-called first line of islands, and in the future, the second line of islands.Ĭhina seeks to establish a security zone in the coastal seas of the Pacific Ocean and has begun to create an ocean fleet to ensure maritime transit of Chinese export goods and imports of raw materials not only in the Pacific but also in the Indian Ocean. At the same time, the Chinese have deployed many medium-range ballistic missiles in the eastern provinces. This allowed the PRC to use its economic power to begin a large-scale modernization of its armed forces, in no small part due to the purchase and copying of modern Russian weapons. In the middle of the past decade, it overtook the United States in terms of GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP).Īs a result, the United States lacked a “critical mass” to stop China from becoming a “peer-to-peer” competitor. Īt the beginning of this century, China took second place in the world in terms of GDP and began to approach the United States in many parameters of economic development. China was Russia’s second foreign trade partner after the EU, 18%, while the share of the United States was only 4%. At the same time, China accounted for 72% of Russian imports of computers and telecommunications equipment and 56% of semiconductors. ![]() In 2021, Russia accounted for 27% of Chinese coal imports, 16% of oil, and 8% of gas. Russian−Chinese trade and economic relations are more developed. In 2021, Russia accounted for 0.8% of foreign trade and 0.2% of US foreign investment, ranking 23rd among US trading partners and importing mainly raw materials. At the same time, a gigantic trade deficit has been formed, as well as the American debt to China-more than $1 trillion, which remains to this day. Thus, the economic interdependence of the United States and China arose. In the 21st century, it has become a “factory of the world,” employing 236 million people in China’s industry, while the United States employs 34 million, and Russia, 21 million.Ĭhina has become the main supplier of household goods to the giant American consumer market. China came out first in high-tech exports. This became one of the main reasons for the extremely rapid pace of development of the Chinese economy over several decades. Labor productivity increased significantly. However, Washington had powerful levers that controlled the military–political independence of Bonn and Tokyo-NATO 1 and a mutual security treaty.Īs a result, the PRC gained broad access to American investments, technologies, and the higher education system. The Soviet Union was no longer among those who could try to catch up, but there were two states that were defeated in World War II, which, under the protection of the American umbrella during the Cold War, turned into powerful economic powers that began to compete with the United States. Washington staked on the consolidation of the unipolar world with the United States as the only superpower. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the disappearance of the bipolar system of international relations. Thus, the American and Chinese corners of the triangle created a structure that resisted the Soviet Union until the late 1980s. Carter agreed to official diplomatic recognition of the PRC, depriving the Kuomintang government in Taiwan of the status of the legitimate representative of China. Nixon, realizing that Mao had staked on “the fight against Soviet hegemonism,” visited Beijing, and in 1979 the administration of President J. During the so-called cultural revolution, armed clashes took place on the Soviet−Chinese border. The PRC independently created its own nuclear weapons. Khrushchev’s refusal to provide the Chinese with nuclear weapons. ![]() However, by the early 1960s, relations between the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the CCP had deteriorated sharply due to Mao’s unwillingness to support the “fight against the cult of personality” and due to N.S. The alliance between Moscow and Beijing against Washington manifested itself in the Korean War, where the American army was opposed by millions of Chinese “people’s volunteers.” The Soviet Union played an important role as a “big brother” in the creation of the political and economic system in the PRC. After the victory of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) with the help of the Soviet Union in the civil war, the United States refused to recognize the People’s Republic of China (PRC). During the First Cold War, relations in the triangle developed in a zigzag fashion.
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